Implementing a Student-Centered, Competence-Oriented Learning Environment at Zambia University College of Technology (ZUT): A Theory U Approach

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of implementing a student-centered, competence-oriented learning environment at Zambia University College of Technology (ZUT).

Design/methodology/approach: Guided by Otto Scharmer’s Theory U framework, a mixed-method action research design was employed. Fifty (50) students and one Information Technology lecturer participated in a structured coaching process aimed at co-creating and implementing a student-centered, competence-oriented learning environment. The lecturer’s experiences were qualitatively mapped, while the effects of the Theory U approach on students were quantitatively assessed.

Findings: The study revealed a significant shift in the lecturer’s awareness, following the progression of Theory U’s stages - open mind, open heart, and open will, resulting in new pedagogical practices emerging in the lecture room. Students reported experiencing the environment as more participatory and competence-driven, which positively influenced their engagement, collaboration, and learning approaches. Both the lecturer and students expressed intent to sustain this transformative approach, aligned with the principles of Education 4.0.

Practical implications: Findings underscore the importance of supportive preconditions for lecturers undergoing such shifts, and suggest that institutions of learning must intentionally nurture this transition. The integration of Theory U into teaching practice demonstrates potential to foster deeper student learning, critical skills development, and innovative capacity.

Conclusion: Action research proved to be a valuable strategy for examining the impact of competence-oriented, student-centered learning. The study recommends Theory U as a viable framework to guide higher education institutions in rethinking pedagogy in response to the demands of a VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) world.

Keywords: Theory U, Education 4.0, Student-Centered Learning, Competence-Oriented Learning Environment

DOI: 10.7176/JEP/16-12-11

Publication date: November 30th 2025