Problems of rational use of water resources and conditions of water pollution on an example of Lake Balkhash

Abstract

Nowadays one of the actual problems of ecology is preservation of disappeared species of biological diversity (BD) on the planet. The earth's green mantle is rapidly reduced in the process of its unrestrained exploitation. Never before in 500 million years of evolution of life on the Earth, was not this cover exposed to such cruel attack. In the past there were the so-called "crises" related to the disappearance of certain species of animals and plants. However, the rate of reduction of biodiversity during these crises was incommensurably lower than the rate of destruction of habitats at present.

The loss of biodiversity on the territory of Kazakhstan persisting due to destruction of natural balance in ecosystems, overexploitation of land and plant resources, changes in the water regime of the rivers and the dumping of contaminated irrigation water, as well as the introduction of alien species into the ecosystem of plants and animals.

Exhaustion of a biodiversity is particularly pronounced in mountain, forest, desert, valley and coastal ecosystems, i.e. in different types of geosystems. All of these issues can be fully applied to the Cis-Balkash area.

The problem of rationale water use is inextricably linked with the protection its quality and quantity. Purpose of this investigation-study the problem of supplying clean water to population and economic sectors.

Keywords: Water pollution, drainage, ecosystem, hydrosphere, sewage.