Fatty Acids Composition by (GC-MS) and Most Important Physical Chemicals Parameters of Seed Oil Pomegranate and Grape Seeds

Abstract

Physical and chemical characteristics of Pomegranate and Grape seeds oil and fatty acids their oils were determined. It was found that the Pomegranate seed oil 13.%  and Grape seed oil 12.  % .Physicochemical parameters of the extracted oils were respectively as follow: refractive index (1.51 and 1.46),acid value( 0.68 and 0.62 mg/KOH/g ), peroxide value( 1.27 and 3.11 meq O2 /kg oil), iodine value (130.2 and 124. 33 (g I2/100 g oil), saponification value ( 198 and 182  mg KOH/ g oil), chlorophylls( 4.35 and 5.61 mg/kg), carotene (3.23 and 3.87 mg/kg). Specific extinctions at two wavelengths of 232 nm (K232) and 270 nm (K270) and R-value (K232/K270) were found in Pomegranate and Grape seeds oil (2.15, 2.10, 1.45, 0.79, 0.67 and 0.37respectively. For the fatty acid content in these oils, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. The constituents of fatty acids in Pomegranate seed oil were: Punicic acid (77.37%) , Oleic acid (7.36%) , Elaidic acid (6.87 %  ), Margaric acid (3.86 %) ,  Stearic acid, methyl e (0.60 %) , Linoleic acid (0.08 %) ,  Lignoceric acid (0.07%) , Palmitic acid (0.03%) . for   Grape seed oil,  the found fatty acids were: ,  Oleic acid (16.98%)  ,  Palmitic acid (12.09%) , Stearic acid (8.85%) ,  Palmitoleic acid (0.28%) , Myristic acid, (0.21%) , Azelaaldehydic acid ( 0.12%) , Margaric acid (0.11%) , Lauric acid ( 0.05%) , Pentadecanoic acid (0.03%) Saturated lauric acid o.11%, Palmitic acid: o.42%, Stearic acid 46.93%.

Keywords: GC MS , Physicochemical properties, Pomegranate, Grape,  oil