Filling the Vacuum of Gender diversity and Inclusion on Boards in East Africa: Empirical Evidence from Insurance Companies in Uganda

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate and address the existing gender disparities in corporate boardrooms in Low Middle Income countries (LMIC), with a particular focus on the Insurance sector in Uganda. The study aims to explore the factors contributing to the lack of gender inclusion and progression on boards in the Ugandan context and provide empirical evidence that can inform strategies and policies to promote greater gender diversity and representation on corporate boards. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional survey with a census approach due to the manageable population size of 131 licensed insurance companies and an effective sample of 80 respondents. Data was analysed using univariate analysis which is mainly descriptive. The findings from the study indicate that women's representation on insurance sector boards in Uganda is 25.5%. Secondly, 26.3% of companies in the insurance sector in Uganda do not have a woman representative on board. The study findings further find a statistically significant result regarding the lack of adherence to the gender rule during board appointments using a one-sample t-test. Finally, further findings reveal statistically significant results of gender not being a critical factor in choosing board committee leaders of companies in the insurance sector in Uganda. It can be concluded that there is a significant gender disparity in board representation in the Insurance sector of Uganda, with a higher proportion of male board members compared to female board members. The study suggests that a comprehensive, whole-of-government approach is necessary, involving appropriate legislation, policies, monitoring, and public awareness campaigns to boost the representation of women in decision-making roles. It also advocates for the promotion of measures like voluntary targets, recognition, and awards, supporting women in leadership programs, conducting regular research, disclosure requirements, and private initiatives to foster greater gender diversity on corporate boards. Gender-diverse corporate boards are increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of effective governance, improved strategic decision-making, and sustainable organizational performance. Despite global progress, women remain underrepresented on corporate boards in many Low Middle Income countries, particularly in East Africa, creating an important governance and policy challenge.

Keywords: Gender diversity, women on boards, Inclusion on boards

DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/18-8-02

Publication date: August 30^th 2026