The Implementation of Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste in Nigeria

Abstract

The deployment of clean energy systems has increased over the years as a result of the attendant effects of convectional fuel-based plants. A good set of goals, inclusive of clean and affordable energy initiative, have been set and implemented in many developing countries by the United Nations. However, the commitment to reduce greenhouse emission with clean energy technologies in Nigeria has faced several implementation challenges. This study presents a technical and economic feasibility analysis of an 8m³ fixed-dome family biogas digester to replace the use of fuelwood in rural community households in selected states of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Based on the economic analysis from the results, the use of biogas-digester is more economically viable with a quick return on investment, low maintenance cost, and availability of raw materials at little or no cost. The results also revealed other benefits such as avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, reduced deforestation due to very low dependence on fuelwood, health benefits; eliminating hazardous particulate matter, fatigue, and health conditions for women and children as a result of long-distance travelled and hours spent fetching fuelwood. Additionally, the time wasted in collecting fuelwood can be reduced and maximized for other gainful and laudable activities such as learning. This paper recommends sustainable policies pertinent to the development and proliferation of biogas plants in rural communities of Nigeria. Following the 2013 economic rebasing, Nigeria happens to be the West African country with the largest economy. Considering the robustness of the country’s economy, public and private investments in clean technologies like biogas system, will not only help us meet household demands but also consolidate the energy sector, thereby opening many opportunities. Therefore, the significance of this study is that many households in rural populace would be empowered to meet their energy demand and reduce dependence on fuelwood. There are existing economic, regulatory and institutional frameworks to sustain this transformation, and Nigeria will witness the change it sets to achieve.

Keywords: clean technology, biogas, municipal waste, economic analysis, policy

DOI: 10.7176/JETP/10-1-06

Publication date: February 29^th 2020