Assessment of Rural Household Energy Access, Utilization and Sustainability: A Case of Mbuyu Sub-Location of Nyandarua Sub-County, Kenya

Abstract

According to the ecology-first scenario presented at the World Energy Council held in 1998, the world energy supply in 2100 will be dominated by new and renewable energy sources, incorporating 40% photovoltaic, 30% hydro and 15% biomass. Major energy organizations also forecast greater dependence on new and renewable energy in the future. Development of Sub-Saharan Africa therefore, requires sharp increases in the supply of energy inputs as well as great improvement in the present abysmally low levels of efficiency in the use of energy. Addressing basic energy needs for cooking and lighting is a key element in improving the living standards of people especially those in rural areas.  Energy is central to practically all aspects of human welfare including access to water, agricultural productivity, health care and nutrition, education, job creation and environmental sustainability, however, just as energy has the potential to instigate development, it can also act as one of the greatest barriers. While the poor can most benefit from improved access to energy sources, they are also the most likely to suffer from the effects of unsustainable energy use such as climate change, deforestation, adverse health impacts and desertification. This study sought to assess rural household energy access, utilization and sustainability in Mbuyu sub-location of Nyandarua Sub-County of Kenya. A sample of 136 households were selected using systematic random sampling to take part in the study. Study data was collected by use of interview guides and observation. Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected and analyzed. Statistical quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the study findings, there is evidence that criminal behaviour among students under the age of 18 years has a statistically significant influence on school dropout rates. Conclusions and recommendations are made based on the study findings to guide policy makers and implementers on ways of reducing school dropout rates among individual below the age of 18 years.  Study findings revealed that various sources of energy such as firewood, Kerosene, charcoal, LPG, electricity, biogas and solar were used for cooking, space heating and heating water in these rural households. It was also established that adoption and utilization of energy efficient technologies such as improved stoves, solar and biogas were minimal due to lack of information, awareness and financial constraints.

Keywords: Rural, Energy Access, Utilization, Sustainability