Oral Health Care Approach during Pregnancy in Albania

Abstract

Oral health care during pregnancy is often avoided, misunderstood, eventually not properly appreciated by physicians, dentists, and patients as well. In Albania, dental care is almost a private health service excluding elementary school dental service which is covered by public health care. During pregnancy many physiological changes occur where in considerable cases some medical problems may arise such as issues with maternal oral health. The rise in hormone levels during pregnancy causes the gums to swell, bleed, and trap food causing increased irritation to the gums, infections and other problems. The oral health in our country is not supported by any program such as work related dental plan, so it is mostly left on population’s perception or in worst case seeking for oral health care takes place when severe oral health consequence has happened.

Evidence-based practice guidelines are still being developed. Research suggests that some prenatal oral conditions may have adverse consequences for the child. Periodontitis is associated with preterm birth and low birth weight, and high levels of cariogenic bacteria in mothers can lead to increased dental caries in the infant. Other oral lesions, such as gingivitis and pregnancy tumors, are benign and require only reassurance and monitoring. Every pregnant woman should be screened for oral risks, counseled on proper oral hygiene, and referred for dental treatment when necessary.

In conclusion, dental care and procedures such as diagnostic radiography, periodontal treatment, restorations, and extractions are safe and are best performed during the second trimester. Adjuvant therapy may be used for high-risk mothers in the early postpartum period to reduce transmission of cariogenic bacteria to their infants. Appropriate dental care and prevention during pregnancy may reduce poor prenatal outcomes and decrease infant caries.

Keywords: Oral health, care, pregnancy, treatment