Increasing Accountability for Operational School (Bos) Cost Management Funds (Study at Sumenep High School 2, Bluto 1 High School and Sumenep Vocational School 1)

The School Operational Assistance Program (BOS) is a government policyintended for the purpose of freeing the cost of education for studentsless able and lighten the burden on students in the future. This study aims to analyze the planning, use and supervision of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds in SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep. In this study a qualitative approach was used. The object of this research was carried out in three objects that have different characteristics, namely SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1. Methods of data collection techniques used three data collection techniques, namely: (1) in-depth interviews (in-depth interview), (2) observation, and (3) documentation study. In this study data analysis was performed as recommended by Miles and Huberman (1992), and Mantja (1997), namely: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) conclusions. The results showed (1) In the administration of financial components and operational financing in schools, SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep have been implemented well starting from the planning, implementation, accountability and reporting stages. (2) Accountability and transparency in the management of BOS funds have also been running well (3) There is a mutual relationship between transparency and accountability in managing BOS funds. Transparency can encourage increased accountability in the management of BOS funds. While accountability will be difficult to implement without transparency in the process of managing BOS funds. Keywords : BOS, BOS Management, Accountability DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/10-1-06 Publication date: January 31 st 2020


INTRODUCTION
As mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, article 31 paragraph (1): Every citizen has the right to receive teaching and paragraph (2): The government is obliged to guarantee the rights of citizens to obtain educational services by organizing a national teaching system.
In this regard, the government took a number of policies including (1) to sharpen the use of the education function budget to be more optimal, (2) Optimizing the use of the budget by 7.3 percent from a total of 20 percent of the education function budget. The manifestation of this government policy was the creation of a School Operational Fund (BOS) assistance program. The BOS program is intended to prevent children dropping out of school because of limited funds. The BOS program is planned on an ongoing basis in accordance with needs analysis in schools.
In order to achieve the distribution of BOS funds on target, schools must prepare long-term work plans, annual work plans based on school self-evaluation and school budget activity plans (RKAS) prepared with school residents to accommodate the needs of infrastructure facilities and non-physical needs that support school operations in a manner overall (Duta and Riharjo, 2013).
The current problems are related to the misappropriation of BOS funds and ineffectiveness in managing BOS funds, starting from allocating funds that are not based on school needs but on budget availability, financial misuse to enrich themselves, manipulating financial reporting, financial expenditure that is not appropriate. This is due to the lack of attention and involvement of all education stakeholders.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning, use and supervision of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep.

RESEARCH PROCEDURES
This research uses a qualitative approach. This research is not to test hypotheses, but rather to describe data and process it descriptively about the focus of research or to find patterns that might be developed into theory (Nasution, 1996).
The object of this study was conducted in three objects that have different characteristics, namely SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep. Researchers as key instruments, informants in this study include the Principal, Treasurer and Committee of Sumenep 2 Public High Schools, Bluto 1 High School and Sumenep 1 Vocational School.
Methods of data collection techniques used three data collection techniques, namely: (1) in-depth interviews (indepth interview), (2) observation, and (3) documentation studies. In this study data analysis was performed as recommended by Miles and Huberman (1992), and Mantja (1997), namely: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) conclusions. This research was also carried out checking the validity of the data using triangulation techniques which included triangulation of data collection, triangulation of data sources, checking of members (member check), and peer discussion (peer-de briefing).

Education Funding Policy
Education Funding Policy is one of the decisions of public authorities in the context of the mandate of the Act. Education funding or funding has been regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 31 Paragraph 3 of IV amendments. The education funding policy can be referred to as part of State policy, namely as a product of the state whose policy is influenced and motivated by a political interest (Carnoy, 1982) or which we often refer to as Autonomy. Autonomy according to Yoyon Bahtiar Irianto (2012: 73-74) is defined as self-government regulation (zelfwentgeving) or more accurately referred to as granting the right or power of self-government regulation to autonomous bodies. There is also a form of education autonomy in schools in the form of expanding school authority in managing funding and learning systems (Syakdiah, 2005). Along with the implementation of regional autonomy, the central government also began implementing a decentralized policy in education management. Decentralization of education management implies that the delegation of authority from the government to the regions to make management decisions and develop their own plans in overcoming the problem of education, with reference to the national education system (Yoyon Bahtiar Irianto, 2012: 91). The substance of decentralization in the management of education, includes aspects: (1) Educational legislation, (2) Organizational structure and educational institutions; (3) Development of educational curricula; (4) Professionalisation of education personnel; (5) Educational facilities and infrastructure; (6) Education Funding.

Accountability
Accountability is a term that embodies the level of responsibility of a particular person or institution relating to the administration system. Ngguna, et al. (2017) states that accountability is with regard to accountability for providing information on all activities and performance of the trustee to the trustee. The principle of accountability can be applied in implementing the BOS budget accountability system in a school institution.
The following is an illustration of the application of the principle of accountability in the implementation of the BOS budget accountability system in schools, which involves two dimensions, internal accountability and external accountability. Internal accountability concerns the relationship between the school manager and the community, the school, parents of students between the school and the institutions above it (the education office). Whereas external accountability concerns the relationship between fellow citizens between the principal and the school committee, and between the principal and the teacher council. School managers must be able to account for all components of SBM management to the community. The first component that must carry out accountability is the teacher. Why, because the core of the whole implementation of school management is the teaching and learning process. And the first party where the teacher must be responsible for students. Teachers must be able to do this (Duta and Riharjo, 2013). School Financial Management Principles Law No. 20/2003 article 48 states that the management of education funds is based on the principles of justice, efficiency, transparency, and public accountability.

School Financial Management
According to Rohiat (2008) financial management includes planning, use, data recording, reporting and accountability for the use of funds as planned. The purpose of financial management is to realize orderly financial administration so that the use of finance can be accounted for in accordance with applicable regulations.
In the implementation of financial management must pay attention to school development programs, school financial planning that refers to the implementation of education in schools as a whole. At the planning stage it also requires an analysis of the needs of school development within a certain period of time which is the main focus and needs attention. Needs in one fiscal year, five years, ten years, even twenty-five years  In the implementation also each school has been guided by the BOS financial managementguidelines or can be interpreted differently as "SAKERAH" management. "SAKERAH" management is the management of School Operational Assistance management that is still guided by the BOS SOP. Based on the analysis of documents and the results of interviews with the Principal, Treasurer and School Committee at Sumenep 2 Public High School, Bluto 1 Senior High School and Sumenep 1 Vocational School can be obtainedinformation that schools have made and reported accountability for BOS funds periodically and in a timely manner to the Education Office through the BOS Management Team. This is appropriatewith the principle of accountability put forward by Ngguna, et al. (2017) which says that accountability is related to accountability for providing information on all activities and performance of the trustee to the trustee. According to Wicaksono (2015) accountability is providing answers to parties with an interest in public sector organizations. The presentation of the BOS Funds Accountability Report at Sumenep 2 Public High Schools, Bluto 1 Public High Schools and Sumenep 1 Public Vocational Schools was made and presented in the form of BOS-K1, BOS-K2, BOSK3, BOS-K4, BOS-K5, BOS-K6 Forms, which were reported to the Education Office. For the accountability report to the BOS Management Team in East Java Province, it is presented in the form of BOS-K7 and BOS-K8 Forms, whereas for the accountability report to the public, it is done by sticking the BOS-K1 Form on the school notice board.
Based on the results of the analysis above, it appears that the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep have been presented accountably in accordance with those stipulated under Permendikbud Number 1 of 2018 concerning Technical Guidelines for School Operational Assistance.

Transparency in the Management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) at SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1
Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep Transparency is a principle that guarantees access or freedom for everyone to obtain information about government administration. In this research the information is the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS). Transparency can create mutual trust between government, the community, and school members through the provision of information and ensuring ease in obtaining accurate and adequate information.SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep are very open insideprovide financial information both to the government and to the community, so that they can easily access and directly control the management of BOS Public Policy and Administration Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online) Vol.10, No.1, 2020 44 funds in schools. This can be proven by allowing researchers to conduct research on school BOS financial management.
The application of transparency principles in the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep can be seen from the planning of the use of BOS funds namely in the Preparation of School Activities and Budget Plans (RKAS) which have been carried out openly by involving the School Committee, Teachers and Educational Personnel.
Based on the previous discussion that Sumenep SMAN 2, Bluto 1 SMAN and Sumenep 1 SMKN have reported the amount of BOS funds received and reported the use of BOS funds both to the government and to the public. The form of transparency in the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sumenep, SMAN 1 Bluto and SMKN 1 Sumenep is to provide an Accountability Report on the management of BOS funds to the government and to the public by reporting the receipt of funds using BOS funds through the school announcement board. In addition, the public transparency forms of SMAN There is a mutual relationship between transparency and accountability in managing BOS funds. Transparency can encourage increased accountability in the management of BOS funds. While accountability will be difficult to implement without transparency in the process of managing BOS funds.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The BOS Program is expected to be continued in order to realize the expectations of the community in getting a proper education. 2. For implementers both BOS officials and other related parties should further increase the socialization of the BOS Program not only within the school environment but outside the school so that parents are involved and know what the next management of the funds will be. Starting from the planning stage to reporting so that negative assumptions from the outside community can be minimized. 3. Evaluation and monitoring from the offices of both the District and Provincial Offices are also expected to continue to be made to know the extent of the success of BOS in schools, what obstacles are found by the BOS program, and how to make the BOS program run sustainably and develop, thus the objectives to be achieved will also be more leverage. 4. There is a need for training in the form of technical guidance for human resources, especially BOS managers, to be able to work collaboratively and be able to carry out their duties according to Technical Guidelines correctly so that their implementation can run effectively and efficiently. BOS fund managers also need to be improved through further education so that BOS fund managers truly understand the implementation instructions and technical instructions about BOS and are able to understand the job descriptions of BOS managers.