Comparative Analysis on the Diastolic Blood Pressure of Some Selected Age Groups in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State

ABSTRACT This research work aimed to examine the comparative analysis on the diastolic blood pressure of some selected age group in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The data used for this research work covered the age group between 20 years and above with record of Diastolic blood pressure and patients ages of forty (40) people in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The data used for this research work was secondary which was extracted from the surveyed record of laboratory test department of general hospital, Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. From the graph, the diagram showed that, as the age increases so also the diastolic blood pressure rises at a slowly manner. The result of the analysis carried out using SPSS from the data revealed , which implies that there is steady relationship between Age and Diastolic blood pressure of the patients at general hospital Ise-Emure, Ekiti.. From the analysis we observed that the p-value (0.002) is less than the alpha level (0.05), of which we reject Ho. Under the test for independence, the was computed to be while that of corresponding was observed to be 1.686, of which , by comparison was rejected.


INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressures greater than 140 and 90 mmHg, respectively (Jennings, 2015). Individuals receiving antihypertensive treatments are also called hypertensive even if they have controlled blood pressure (Lioyd-Jones et al., 2010). The administration of epinephrine in hypertensive patients is associated with an increased risk (Bader, Bonito, and Shugars, 2002), as it can elevate the already raised systolic blood pressure and cause acute hypertensive crisis, hypertensive encephalopathy, brain hemorrhage, and acute left ventricular failure (Lioyd-Jones et al., 2010).
Blood pressure refers to the pressure that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels. Systolic blood pressure refers to pressure measured during contraction of the heart and subsequent pumping of blood into the varied vessels, while diastolic pressure refers to blood pressure measures during cardiac relaxation when it gets filled with blood. Blood pressure is measured in units of mmHg or millimeters of mercury. For adults, the normal blood pressure range is 120/80 mmHg; it can be somewhat different for men and women over 40 years old.
Moreover, since chronic hypertension leads to cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis, epinephrineinduced elevations in blood pressure and heart rate may overload the heart and result in angina pectoris, heart attack, and cardiac arrhythmias (Lioyd-Jones et al., 2010). Also, the administration of epinephrine in patients receiving non-selective beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension can result in hypertensive crisis, since the beta-blocker, block the beta 2 adrenergic receptor and prevents the vasodilatation activity of epinephrine. The use of epinephrine in hypertensive patients using diuretics and calcium channel blockers can also cause hypokalemia and arrhythmia (Lioyd-Jones et al., 2010).

AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research work aimed to examine the comparative analysis on the diastolic blood pressure of some selected age group in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The objectives the study are to: 1. Examine the pattern of diastolic blood pressure of some selected age group graphically. 2. Examine the degree of association between diastolic blood pressure and age group correlation coefficient. 3. Test for the existence of association between diastolic blood pressure and the selected ages.

SOURCE OF DATA
The data used for this paper was secondary which was extracted from the surveyed record of laboratory test department of general hospital, Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State.

LITERATURE REVIEW
A central fat distribution is a better predictor for hypertension than overall fat mass. Early studied show a good correlation between the waist-to-hip ratios (Lapidus et al, 2008. Laisson et al, 2004) and blood pressures levels. Later studied using computed tomography to measure the exact amount of visceral adipose tissue (Peiris et al. 2009. Kanal et al, 2009) showed strong correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure level. Recently waist circumference has been proposed as an indicator of abdominal fat mass and a waist circumference. Above 88cm in women and above 102cm in men. Has been shown to correlation with blood pressure level both in European (Han et al. 2005) and African population. Lawlor et al (2007) provide evidence for an inverse association of gestation age with systolic blood pressure at age 17-19 year in both siblings and no sibling. Gestation length has also been linked to raise blood pressure in children. Blood pressure in adulthood is unequivocally positively associated with disease and stroke risk and recent research has suggested that increased pulse pressure defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure may also be an important component of increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly when observed in conjunction with raised systolic blood pressure (Franklin et al, 2007).
Prospective studied have shown that obesity increase the risk of developing hypertension (Friedman et al. 2008, Youg et al, 2008. Weight gain in adult life especially seems to be an important risk factor for the  (Friedman et al. 2008, Huag et al, 2008. In a recent updated evaluation of the t 18 years of age and midlife were positively associated with the occurrence of hypertension long term and medium term weight loss was associated with a reduced risk in the group of women with a high base line BMI. In a recent study by Kanai et al.(2009). The change in mean blood pressure after weight reduction was correlation with change in visceral fat area and not with change in body weight of BMI. This suggest that a decrease in intra-abdominal fat reduces blood pressure in obese hypertension patient. A reduced in body weight can be achieved by a decrease in energy intake and/or an increase in energy expenditure comprehensive weight loss programs include a dietary a behavioral and a physical activity component. Rocchini et al (2008) showed in a group of 72 obese adolescent that a combination of caloric restriction, behavior change alone.
In contrast a recent study by Dengel et al, (2008). In which the independent and combined effect of weight loss and acrobic exercise on blood pressure were studied in a group of older men. Combining the two interventions did not reduce blood pressure to a greater degree than the two interventions did independently. An age dependent factor might explain this difference in outcome. Geller et al. (2009) conducted a study on 227 males of age at least 40 years. Who are with invasive melanoma? Ito.et al (2007).In their attempt to determine the level of Crythrocyte aidose reductase protein (AR-p) in diabetic patient by a two-site enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Classified 95 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDOM) patient into two groups. Based on the result of seven nerve function tests: group I, without demonstrable neuropathy and group II, with overt neuropathy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently used to identify two independent risk factor for overt neuropathy in diabetic patients. Takahashi et al. (2008). Dauziel et al (2007) recently reported that adults born moderately preterm had increase blood pressures at 30 year of age. Low gestation at birth was the key feature of this association. Whereas birth weight adjusted for gestation age was not. Other studied support this observation.

Product Moment Correlation Coefficient
The sample correlation coefficient (r) will be used for this research work which is given by
Decision: Since t-cal = 3.28 is greater than t-tab = 1.686, we reject Ho.
Conclusion: Age and Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) of patients are dependent.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
From the previous chapter, the graph plotted showed that, as the age increases so also the diastolic blood pressure rises at a slowly manner. The result of the analysis carried out using SPSS from the data revealed , which implies that there is steady relationship between Age and Diastolic blood pressure of the patients at general hospital Ise-Emure, Ekiti..
From the analysis we observed that the p-value (0.002) is less than the alpha level (0.05), of which we reject Ho and conclude that the Age of the patients depends on their Diastolic blood pressure. Under the test for independence, the was computed to be while that of corresponding was observed to be 1.686, of which , by comparison was rejected, this implies that, Age and Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) of patients are dependent.

CONCLUSSION
From the findings of the analysis stated above, I can conclude that the age and diastolic blood pressure are dependent, that is, existence of diastolic blood pressure in a person depends on the age that person attained. Hence, this might be as a result of some health factors associated with human development but cannot be discussed in this study.