Isolation of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria from Indoor, Outdoor and Soil Environment

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth and is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants. Cellulose should be degraded and converted to into soil and recycled through the activity of microorganisms. Bacteria play important role to degrade cellulose for their energy requirements to sustain their life. The current study was initiated to isolate and identify Cellulose Degrading Bacteria from indoor, outdoor and Cellulose rich soil by using Methyl Cellulose Agar media. Three Petri dishes with three replication both heat boiled and autoclaved containing culture media, from indoor air, outdoor air and soil has been tested for their effective Cellulose degrading bacterial growth ability. Cellulose degrading bacteria has been isolated with providing Methyl Cellulose only as carbon source. The Autoclaved outdoor air shown best result with fast growth and many bacterial colony following indoor and soil samples. These cellulose degrading bacteria has been tested for their Gram test, Catalase test, motility test and carbohydrate consumption tests and shown Gram positive as well as the rest tests were also positive results. Therefore, isolation and application of cellulose degrading bacteria will have great benefits in terms of degrading pollutants from the environment.


Isolation of Cellulose degrading microorganism
Culture media has been prepared by measuring 15g Methyl cellulose and 15g Agar for 1000ml of sterilized distilled water and mixed together in a flak. The half of prepared media was allowed to heat boil and the remaining half allowed to autoclave at 121 o C. Twenty ml of sterilized medium was poured to sterilized petridishes and allowed to cool to solidify for 30 minutes. After the media has solidified, three petridishes containing media from both heat boiled and autoclaved allowed to be opened for 15 min in both indoor and outdoor environment to get microbes in to the media from the air. After 15 minutes the petridishes were covered. A gram of soil weighed and diluted in 9ml distilled water serially. Then 0.5 ml of sample has been transferred to another new both heat boiled and autoclaved media containing petridishes. Finally the whole media containing air and soil samples with negative control that petridishes with only sterilized media has been placed in incubator at 30 o c.

Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacteria
For characterization of cellulose degrading bacteria, triple sugar iron broth, SIM and simon for media has been prepared for glucose, lactose, sucrose utilization and motility test.

Result and Discussion Biochemical characterization of cellulose degrading microorganisms
Biochemical test was carry out to test for motility, catalase, glucose and citrate utilization .These test were subjected to different broth SIM, Triple Sugar Iron and Simon for citrate utilization and below are the biochemical characterization of cellulose degrading bacteria

Result of Isolated cellulose degrading microorganism and their response for different tests
The isolates were tasted for catalase, motility, citrate and gram tests indicated that they do have positive reactions.

Discussion
Cellulose degrading bacteria has been detected from indoor, outdoor and soil samples on Methyl cellulose Agar media. The result indicated that after 5 days incubation the autoclaved media from outdoor isolate shown fast growth and many bacterial colonies has been observed followed autoclaved media from indoor, heat boiled media from outdoor, heat boil media from indoor and autoclaved media from soil sample respectively. The result indicates that these cellulose degrading bacteria need more time to grow on the media and takes long time which takes from 5 to 10 days to consume methyl cellulose agar media as carbon source. Moreover, samples from outdoor have the opportunity to get many microbes than indoor one because of indoor environment is a little bit controlled while the outdoor one is not controlled and enabled to get more microbes. Samples from soil were lately grown and small in numbers when compared to that of air samples due to needs time to find optimum condition to release callulase enzyme and consume the methyl cellulose agar. The characterization result indicates that the isolated bacteria was gram positive, catalase positive, motility positive, carbohydrate consumption positive. (Gupta et al., 2012) reported that bacterial isolates showed a potential to convert cellulose into reducing sugars which could be readily used in many applications like feed stock for production of valuable organic compounds.

Conclusion
Cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from outdoor, indoor and soil samples and cellulose methyl agar has been used as only carbon source for these microbes. The samples taken from outdoor showed promising result which is a very good degrading ability and can be isolated and produced in mass for different industrial activities as well as for bioremediation if is studied using appropriate chemicals and characterized to strain level. So that it is vital to search cellulose degrading microorganisms from different sources for the degradation of environmental pollutants.