Industry 4.0 Future Managerial Challenges for Pakistani Markets/Industries

Industrial revolution 4.0 is the term used by German scientist. The concept of industrial 4.0 is artificial Intelligence, smart factories, internet of things, cyber physical system. Industrial revolution 4.0 is a technological advancement of current era. The main purpose of this paper is to find barriers, challenges to implementation in Pakistan. Industrial revolution 4.0 future managerial and technological challenges for Pakistani industries and market. Pakistani industry has lack of experience of management in context of industrial revolution 4.0 and Pakistani industry needs competitive management in context of industry 4.0. Human Resources management plays a vital role through training Programs and jointly works with engineering universities and business universities to overcome challenges more efficiently. Pakistan’s Infrastructure, economic condition, instability, utility crisis, unavailability of smart devices, and unavailability of latest machinery may also be possible barriers. Conducting an online survey through questionnaire may highlight the underlying causes for this issue.

Industrial Revolution.

Definition of Industry 4.0:
Industry 4.0 is not defined clearly but some author's definitions are here to understand of industrial revolution 4.0.
1-Industry 4.0 utilizing the power of communications technology and innovative inventions to boost the development of the manufacturing industry. (Kagermann , Wahlster & Johannes. (2013). [1] 2-Industry 4.0 encourages manufacturing efficiency by collecting data smartly, making correct decisions and executing decisions without any doubts. By using the most advanced technologies, the procedures of collecting and interpreting data will be easier. The interoperability operating ability acts as a 'connecting bridge' to provide a reliable manufacturing environment in Industry 4.0. This overall consciousness gives Industry 4.0 the most important aspect of artificial intelligent functions. ( Qin, Liu & Grosvenor (2016). [1] 3-Industry 4.0 is surrounded by a huge network of advanced technologies across the value-chain. Service, Automation, Artificial Intelligence Robotics, Internet of Things and Additive Manufacturing are bringing in a brand new era of manufacturing processes. The boundaries between the real world and virtual reality is getting blurrier and causing a phenomenon known as Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). ( Schumacher, Erol & Sihn, (2016). [1] 4-Industry 4.0 is differentiated by a few characteristics of new technologies, for example: physical, digital, and biological worlds. The improvement in technologies is bringing significant effects on industries, economies and governments' development plans. Schwab pointed out that Industry 4.0 is one of the most important concepts in the development of global industry and the world economy. (Schwab (2016). [1] 5-Industry 4.0 makes full use of emerging technologies and rapid development of machines and tools to cope with global challenges in order to improve industry levels. The main concept of Industry 4.0 is to utilize the advanced information technology to deploy (IoS) services. Production can run faster and smoothly with minimum downtime by integrating engineering knowledge. Therefore, the product built will be of better quality, production systems are more efficient, easier to maintain and achieve cost savings. (Wang et al., (2016). [1] The modern and more sophisticated machines and tools with advanced software and 6-networked sensors can be used to plan, predict, adjust and control the societal outcome and business models to create another phase of value chain organization and it can be managed throughout the whole cycle of a product. Thus, Industry 4.0 is an advantage to stay competitive in any industry. To create a more dynamic flow of production, optimization of value chain has to be autonomously controlled. (Mrugalska & Magdalena (2017

Smart Factories:
The smart factories is a concept of digitization and contacted environment to improve the all production process to connected with via internet of things to communicate to machine each other to improve physical production goods and function like planning, supply chain and logistics and the investment to building smart factory to provide safe, efficient, and more reliable product. Companies need to adopt digital technologies to meet customer Expectations. According to some sources, Industry 4.0 factory could result in decrease of Production costs by 10-30%, Logistic costs by 10-30%, Quality management costs by 10-20%

Cyber Physical System (CPS):
Physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, controlled, coordinated, and integrated by a computing and communicating core" (Rajkumar et al. 2010). The interaction between the physical and cyber elements is of key importance: "CPS is about the intersection, not the union, of the physical and the cyber. It is not sufficient to separately understand the physical components and the computational components. We must understand their interaction" (Lee and Seshia 2014). [4].

2.Pakistan
A country full of talent and world fifth largest population and seventh atomics power situated a strategical location, included top most fifth intelligent nation in the world, top seventh happiest country, neighbor countries are china, India, (half of world population) Iran and Afghanistan. Have a sea port, 4 beautiful weathers and then as a nation Pakistan living second era of industrial revolution it is a big setback for Pakistan as nation and no role in world economic. Pakistan's biggest problem is lack of visionary leadership. Instability, corruption, terrorism, utility crisis, unbalance infrastructure for industry. Unfortunately, Pakistan during 2005 to still under terrorist attacks and it badly damaged Pakistani economic, infrastructure, industries and also many industries shift to other countries like Bangladesh, India and other countries. CPEC is chance to Pakistan to develop it infrastructure, utility crisis because china invests in Pakistan around 70 billion dollars in energy sector, infrastructure. Gawader port. Pakistan need to joint work for industry 4.0 with china in defense sector they jointly made Jf 17 project and made a state-of-the-art fighter jet and now working on exports. Pakistani industry has chance to gained experience to work on industry 4.0 to improve it economic conditions. Recently Pakistani government take step to digitized Pakistan and hire Google executive from Malaysia.

Infrastructure:
Pakistan's infrastructure is badly damaged by terrorist attacks from 2005 to 2016 and now Pakistan is trying to develop the infrastructure to sign CPEC with china project called one belt one road during survey from industries plant head, senior managers, managers, assistant managers, and engineers to ask question "Pakistan's infrastructure in context for IR.4.0" the following result found. The above survey says Pakistan need to improve it economy.

2.3UTILITY CRISIS:
Many attacks on Pakistan Gas pipes, Electric powers generation, and electric load shedding, resulted in increase in electricity price, many Pakistani industries shuffle from Pakistan to other countries therefore add a question what are the thinking of industries top to lower employee's question was "One of the big barrier is utility (energy) crisis" and fond result are following Pakistan and china made agreement on CPEC, china invested in Pakistan energy sector and in recent years many project will be completed and few will be completed in near future and will lower price of electricity to improve Pakistan industrial sector.

2.4Education:
Pakistani universities upgraded their course and converted it to latest world develop countries' universities or compare with them and educated them latest technology in practical way for overcome challenges to new era of technology and Pakistani industry will adopt fast there also papered two questions for universities' student and younger engineer's first question is "Your familiarity with IR 4.0? "And result is The above result shows that Pakistan need to improve education system more and made an industrial park for student for future challenges.

3.Pakistani Industries/Markets:
Pakistan have textile industries ,process industries ,electronic ,and other Pakistani industries still living in the second era of industrial revolution and facing many challenges like shortage of electricity, gas shortage, exchange rate problem, unavailability of latest equipment. Sialkot industries famous across the world for his sports, wooden and medical equipment. The industries, however, have failed due to not upgrading timely and taking benefit of competitor to improve techniques. Pakistani industries are still unprepared for industrial revolution 4.0 and ask some general question from employees and management. Questions and result are following. Lack of experience in managerial skills in context of IR 4.0

3.3Industries Human Resource:
Human resource management is one of the key department of any industry it is responsible to arrange Capable man power for industry and also manage the training of employees to updates latest techniques to made beneficial for company and face challenges of upcoming challenges. Nowadays, big challenge is industry 4.0 and Pakistani industries has lack of experience in management and also lack of experience in lower management for example engineers, technician due this human resource management need to take a strategic steps to work with universities to overcome futures big challenges. Human resource needs capable management top bottom level therefore they take advantages from engineering, and Business universities to made joint courses, training sections, facilitate student for research, giving him task to research, facility of fund because primary research is very expensive therefore made short term and long term policies to overcome the future challenges.

Conclusion
Pakistani policies maker have a chance to make a long and short and long term policy in context of industry 4.0 because most of world still working for industry 4.0 and some countries are capable of implementing it in near future and some countries like china also included therefore Pakistan can take experience from chain and try together like Defense sector. China is investing billions of dollars in Pakistan to improve infrastructures, energy sectors, oil and gas sectors, industrial zones and etc. Industrial zone made with those organizations working on industry 4.0 and in near future can convert all organization in smart factories concept. These organization will help to make infrastructure and create environment for industry 4.0 and on other side Pakistani government is taking steps to improve infrastructure, develop new power generation plant, working on gas issues and resolve all crisis to make environment for investment should also work on education sector like , engineering, and business universities to overcome upcoming managerial and technical advancement challenges and improve economic condition of Pakistan.