https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/issue/feedJournal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Alexander Deckeradmin@iiste.orgOpen Journal Systems<p><span id="internal-source-marker_0.04939836589619517">Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare <span id="internal-source-marker_0.04939836589619517">is a peer reviewed journal published by IISTE. The journal publishes original papers at the forefront of Agriculture, Biology and Healthcare research. The journal is published in both printed and online versions. The online version is free access and download.</span></span></p><p><span><span>IISTE is a member of <a href="http://www.crossref.org/01company/17crossref_members.html">CrossRef</a>.</span></span></p><p>The DOI of the journal is: https://doi.org/10.7176/JBAH</p>https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/61988Journal coverpage2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Journal Editord@d.comJournal coverpagehttps://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/61989Assessment of Breeding Practice and Statues of Estrus Synchronization and Mass Insemination of Dairy Cattle in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Simret Betshad@d.com<p>The general objective of this study was to assess breeding practice, and status of OSMI of dairy cattle. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version.20) and Ms-Excel (2010). Milk yield, breeding ability, body weight, fertility, and udder size are the major traits perceived by farmers. 92.6% of the respondents reared all cattle categories together except higher Holstein Friesian cross breeds and lactating cows. Conception rate (CR) and number of service per conception (NSPC) were affected (p<0.05) by year, breed and districts. Majority (67.1%) of the respondents were not satisfied with the results of the estrus synchronization and mass insemination (OSMI) program as the conception rate was low. There was better perception of farmers to OSMI technology in Angolelanatera (50%) compared to the two district. There were better opportunities for the application of OSMI technologies in Angolelanatera and Basonaworena districts due to availability of improved breed and milk receiver union. In conclusion the status of OSMI in the study area was increasing starting 2013-2015as shown in table 26. The main reason for farmers’ dissatisfaction on OSMI program was low conception rate of dairy cows.. In addition procurement of the necessary facilities should be in place before implementing an estrus synchronization program.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Breeding practice, Estrus synchronization and mass insemination.</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/JBAH/14-1-01</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/61990Determination of Some Agricultural Characteristics and Glucomannan Contents of Some Orchid Species under Southeastern Anatolian Conditions2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Kaan Erdend@d.comŞeyhmus Arsland@d.com<p>This study, which was conducted to determine the morphological, phenological and agricultural characteristics and active ingredient contents of some salep orchids, was carried out in 3 replications according to the Randomized Blocks trial design under the conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey between 2015 and 2017. Four wild orchid species were used as materials in the study [<em>Ophrys apifera</em> Huds., <em>Serapias vomeracea</em> (Burm.f.) Briq., <em>Anacamptis pyramidalis</em> (L.) Rich., <em>Anacamptis sancta</em> (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase]. In the research, in addition to phenological observations such as sprouting date, flowering date, flowering period, vegetation period; parameters such as plant height (31.27-33.13 cm), number of leaves (5.40-6.93 number per plant<sup>-1</sup>), leaf lenght (6.60-13.57 cm), leaf width (1.23-2.23 cm), new tuber number per plant<sup>-1</sup> (1.93-2.08 number per plant<sup>-1</sup>), tuber yield (145-357 kg/da<sup>-1</sup>), glucomannan ratio (15.76- 42.74%) were examined. Based on the results of this research, it is not possible to say that these orchid species can be grown economically under field conditions. It is obvious that much more work needs to be done to grow these species under field conditions. In future studies, priority should be given to selection breeding of individuals of the same species collected from different locations.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Salep, Orcid, Yield, Tuber, Serapias, Anacamptis, Glucomannan</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/JBAH/14-1-02</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/61991Contrasting Effects of Shade Tree Species Diversity on Incidence and Damage of Pests and Diseases of Robusta Coffee2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Winnie Nanjegod@d.comGodfrey H. Kagezid@d.comSamuel Kyamanywad@d.comJudith Kobusinged@d.comGeofrey Arinaitwed@d.com<p>In Uganda, most farmers grow their Robusta coffee, <em>Coffea canephora</em> in association with a diversity of shade tree species. Shade tree species diversity and density influence abiotic variables particularly, temperature and relative humidity. In turn, these may negatively or positively influence the population dynamics and damage caused by pest and diseases. Understanding these relationships is therefore vital for informing selection of shade tree species for ecological management of pests and diseases. We thus conducted a study in Kaweri Coffee Plantation Limited located in central Uganda to determine the effect of shade tree species diversity on the incidence and damage caused by pests and diseases on Robusta coffee. One plot measuring 100 x 100 m was demarcated in each of the four sections of the plantation: Kitagweta, Kyamutuma, Luwunga and Nonve. All the shade trees/shrubs and saplings (≤3 m) in the plot were counted and identified to species level. Additionally, incidence and damage of pests and diseases were assessed on 20 Robusta coffee trees selected along two diagonals in the plots. We recorded a total of 299 trees comprising of 22 species, with <em>Solanum giganteum</em> being the most abundant shrub (19.8 shrubs/ha) whereas, the most abundant shade tree species were <em>Albizia chinensis</em> (9.3 trees/ha) and <em>Markhamia lutea</em> (6.0 tree/ha). Eight (8) insect pests and two (2) diseases were recorded on Robusta coffee. These included, <em>Xylosandrus compactus, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoplema dohertyi, Epicampoptera andersoni, Prophantis smaragdina</em>, <em>Planococcus </em>spp., <em>Hypothenemus hampei</em>, leaf eating beetles, <em>Hemilleia vastatrix</em> and <em>Cercospora coffeicola</em>. Our results further showed contrasting effects of shade tree species diversity on the incidence and damage of pests and diseases of Robusta coffee. Damage caused by <em>X. compactus</em> and <em>E. andersoni</em> as well as the incidence of <em>H. vastatrix</em> and <em>C. coffeicola</em> decreased significantly (p≤0.05) with increasing shade tree species diversity. Contrary, damage caused by all the other insect pests increased with increasing shade tree species diversity but, only significant (p≤0.05) in case of <em>P. smaragdina</em>, and <em>Planococcus</em> spp. There is therefore a need to thoroughly understand these dynamics if agroforestry systems are to be utilized as a strategy for ecological management of pests and diseases of Robusta coffee.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong>Agroforestry-systems, <em>Cercospora-coffeicola</em>, <em>Coffea-canephora</em>, ecological-management, <em>Epicampoptera-andersoni</em>, <em>Hemilleia-vastatrix</em>, pest-and-disease-dynamics, <em>Xylosandrus-compactus</em></p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/JBAH/14-1-03</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p> <p><em> </em></p>https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/61992Determination of the Optimum Bulb Sizes and Cultivation Possibilities of Turkish Endemic Allium tuncelianum (KOLLMAN), N.ÖZHATAY, D. MATHEW, S. SİRANECİ2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Kaan Erdend@d.com<p>Unconscious collection from nature may lead to the extinction of the Tunceli Garlic plant, which is endemic to Turkey. Preventing this situation can be possible by culturing the plant under field conditions. At the same time, garlic is a plant that requires the use of large amounts of cloves. This is one of the most important factors that increases production costs. The net bulb yield is very important for profitable production. Tunceli garlic, which can also be grown from seeds, can be an alternative to traditional garlic production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different bulb sizes on some agricultural characteristics of Turkish endemic <em>Allium tuncelianum</em> (Kollman), N. Özhatay, D. Mathew, S. Siraneci under the conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2019-2021. In the research, 4 different bulb sizes (06-08, 08-10, 10-12 and 12-14 cm) were tested according to the Randomized Complete Blocks experimental design with 4 replications. In the research, in addition to phenological observations such as sprouting date, flowering date, flowering period, vegetation period; parameters such as plant height (32.75-118.75 cm), leaf length (26.75-44.75 cm), number of leaves (6.75-9.0 number per plant<sup>-1</sup>), number of kralens (0-2.94 number per plant<sup>-1</sup>), bulb yield (1919.0-2460.50 kg/da<sup>-1</sup>), net bulb yield (1624.50-1748.0 kg/da<sup>-1</sup>), bulb circumference length (16.52-18.67 cm), bulb weight (50.50-64.75 g), bulb circumference increase rate (143.75-235.75%), total phenolic content (53.75- 64.75 mg/GA) were examined. According to the results obtained in the study, bulbs with a circumference of 12-14 cm showed superior properties in terms of the characteristics examined in different bulb sizes. Although it is seen that bulbs with a circumference of 12-14 cm stand out in bulb yield values; considering the net bulb yield values, it has been determined that it would be more appropriate to use bulbs with a circumference of 06-10 cm in production in Southeastern Anatolia (Sanliurfa) field conditions. In addition, it was determined that Tunceli Garlic has the potential to grow under regional conditions and it was predicted that it could be grown as an alternative plant in regional agriculture.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Garlic, Allium, Allium tuncelianum, Bulb, Tunceli garlic</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/JBAH/14-1-04</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/62123Neck Rot Disease Caused by Athelia rolfsii, the Main Disease in Seedling of Elephant Foot Yam in Bali2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Dewa Ngurah Supraptad@d.comNi Luh Surianid@d.com<p>Several tuber crops have been used as sources of carbohydrates based food. One of them is Elephant foot yams (<em>Amorphophallus muelleri </em>Blume). In addition to carbohydrate, this plant is also contain, fats, protein, minerals, vitamins and fiber. Cultivation of this plant usually started with seedling preparation made of tuber, bulbil or seed. However, during seedling preparation, several diseases appear and resulted in serious damage to the seedling. This study was done to identify the main diseases appeared during seedling preparation of elephant foot yam. The diseases survey was done in three centers of elephant foot yam seedling preparation namely Asah Duren Village, Bading Kayu Village, Jembrana Regency, Belalang Village, Tabanan Regency Bali. In each location, three seedling beds of 500 seedlings were observed to determine disease incidence based on disease symptom. Sample of diseased seedlings were taken and brought to the laboratory for identification. Analysis of 18S rRNA gene was done to identify the causal fungus. Results of this study showed that the main diseases of elephant foot yam seedlings in Bali were neck rot and leaf blight diseases, with disease incidences were 18.7% and 3.1% for neck rot and leaf blight disease respectively. Based on molecular identification, the isolate Pr1 as the cause of the neck rot disease is <em>Athelia rolfsii. </em>This isolate showed<em> </em>99.12% similarity with 18S rRNA genes of several fungal strains deposited in GenBank. This study suggested that the main disease in seedling of elephant foot yam in Bali is neck rot disease caused by <em>Athelia rolfsii</em> Pr1.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>main diseases,<strong> </strong>elephant foot yams, seedling preparation</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/JBAH/14-1-05</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>January 31<sup>st</sup> 2024</p>https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/62134A Systematic Review of The Impact of Telehealth Utilization in the United States of America’s Healthcare System on the Environment2024-03-18T02:03:27+00:00Timothy Oyebola Iged@d.com<p>This study is designed to investigate the impact of telehealth utilization in the United States of America’s healthcare system on the environment to inform both healthcare and environmental policies. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic review analysis. As part of the literature search, and the selection of the articles, publications, and papers for the study’s analysis; the data collection procedure considered the first and second authors of the completed simultaneous electronic and ancestral searches for peer-reviewed articles by using these online databases, which includes: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Greenfile, and Google scholar as well as advanced Google scholar for all articles in the English language that evaluated the impact of telemedicine on the environment. With the help of Boolean search technique and experts’ reviews, 20 articles were included in this study. This study finds that some of the types of telecommunication methods use in healthcare system include the following services: Body Area Networks (BANs), video-conferencing, website, telephone consultations, and other mobile application technology. In the literature, it was observed that telehealth utilization rapidly expanded during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and further continues to provide critical access to health care services to patients within and outside United States of America. Again, it was underscored in this study that some of the positive effects of telehealth use include but not limited to the following: (1) reduction in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from both patients and staff reduced travels, (2) reduction in waste production associated with each consultation through reduced patient and staff travel, (3) reduction in greenhouse gas and waste product associated with reduced equipment use, particularly through the reduction in raw materials needed, (4) air pollutant emission savings, and (5) reduction in sanitation required per consultation. Above all, some of the negative effects of telehealth use include but not limited to the following: (1) increased energy use associated with greater digitization, (2) The expansion of digital health increase demand for devices contributing to the environmental burden of electronics, (3) Inadequate resources to effectively handle e-waste leads to pollution of local environments, creating significant health risks, (4) the production and disposal of wearable technologies, robotics and devices used to facilitate telehealth (i.e. smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc.) cause environmental degradation, and (5) Raw materials (such as—iron, aluminum, gold, mercury, cyanide, etc.) required to produce telehealth technologies or devices require large mining operations leading to land and environmental degradation.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Telehealth, Environment, Digital Health, Video-Conferencing, Telemedicine, Healthcare System, Utilization, Technologies, Greenhouse-Gas, Pollution, and Emissions</p> <p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.7176/JBAH/14-1-06</p> <p><strong>Publication date: </strong>February 28<sup>th</sup> 2024</p>